What is required for 'fair dealing' to apply when using copyrighted material?

'Fair dealing' in copyright law allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the copyright holder, under certain circumstances. One of the key aspects of fair dealing is the requirement for acknowledgment of the original work, which serves to credit the original creator and maintains ethical standards in the use of their creation. This acknowledgment is especially important in contexts like journalism, education, and research, where respect for intellectual property is paramount.

Additionally, while public use can sometimes play a role in determining whether a use qualifies as fair dealing, the primary focus remains on the purpose and the manner of use. For instance, fair dealing can apply for purposes such as criticism, review, news reporting, teaching, or research. However, simply using the material for public consumption without acknowledgment does not guarantee that it meets fair dealing requirements.

The other options do not align with the criteria for fair dealing. Payment generally is not a factor in determining if a use is fair; fair dealing applies regardless of economic considerations as long as other conditions are met. Permission is often needed for uses that do not qualify as fair dealing, and making only minimal changes to the original material does not itself constitute fair dealing, as the purpose and manner of use are more significant considerations. Therefore, acknowledgment and the